| THEY
HAVE/ARE |
THEY DON'T
HAVE |
| Modular and
colonial |
A circulatory or excretory
system |
| Bilaterally symmetrical |
|
| Reproduction is sexual and
asexual by budding |
|
| Colonies are hermaphrodite,
but individuals may be single sexed |
|
| U-shaped gut |
|
| A small
lophophore (a horseshoe-shaped crown of tentacles) |
|
| Body enclosed in chitinous,
calcareous, or gelatinous tube or matrix |
|
| Eggs can be "brooded" in the
body cavity |
|
| Development
indirect |
|
| Freshwater and
marine |
|
These are also known as moss animals, sea mats, polyzoa and ectoprocts. They usually occur in colonies in the shallows, and are often mistaken for algae or sponges. Individuals are minute, usually measuring less than 0.5 mm long (see Bowerbankia sp). right. The lophophore (see diagram below left) can be retracted when the animal is disturbed. The tentacles are covered with cilia, the beating od which sets up a water current to collect food particles. These are then passed down the cilia to the mouth. There are about 4300 described species, and they have no fossil
record until the Ordovician. The eggs or
statoblasts of some freshwater species can withstand freezing and desiccation,
and usually germinate in the spring. A freshwater bryozoan colony can be up to 5 cm long. They are usually found in clear ponds and lakes on the undersides of water-lily leaves or the upper surfaces of stones. A colony can move about 10 cm a day. |
 |
 |
On the left is a Triphyllozoon sp. colony. They are found in Australian water. In this particular colony there are over 5 000 000 individuals. |
Below is Adeona sp., so found in Australian water. |
On the left are some individuals of Crisatella mucedo a freshwater bryozoan, and on the right a diagram showing the lophophore from the side and above. a Cristatella mucedo colony looks like a piece of furry jelly. It is found in clear ponds and lakes on the upper surface of plants and stones. It prefers exposure to the light.
|
 |
 |
Below is Chasmatopora furcata, a bryozoan from the early Ordovician, about 450 million years ago, found in what is now Estonia. |
|
|
VietnamPages
Stonehaven, Scotland
|