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Bryozoa (moss animals, polyzoa and ectoprocts)


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THEY HAVE/ARE THEY DON'T HAVE
Modular and colonial A circulatory or excretory system
Bilaterally symmetrical  
Reproduction is sexual and asexual by budding
Colonies are hermaphrodite, but individuals may be single sexed
U-shaped gut
A small lophophore
Body enclosed in chitinous, calcareous, or gelatinous tube or matrix
Eggs can be "brooded" in the body cavity
Development indirect
Freshwater and marine

Crisatella mucedo, freshwater bryozoan

On the right is a Triphyllozoon sp. colony. They are found in Australian water. In this particular colony there are over 5 000 000 individuals.

Below is Adeona sp., also found in Australian water.

These are also known as moss animals, polyzoa and ectoprocts. They usually occur in colonies in the shallows, and are often mistaken for algae or sponges. Individuals are minute, usually measuring less than 0.5 mm long (see Bowerbankia sp). right. There are about 4300 described species, and they have no fossil record until the Ordovician. The eggs or statoblasts of some freshwater species can withstand freezing and desiccation, and usually germinate in the spring. A freshwater bryozoan colony can be up to 5 cm long. They are usually found in clear ponds and lakes on the undersides of water-lily leaves or the upper surfaces of stones. A colony can move about 10 cm a day. On the left are some individuals of Crisatella mucedo a freshwater bryozoan.

Triphyllozoon sp., moss animal

 

bryozoa, Bowerbankia sp.
Adeona sp., moss animal, Bryozoa Below is Chasmatopora furcata, a bryozoan from the early Ordovician, about 450 million years ago, found in what is now Estonia.
Chasmatopora furcata, fossil bryozoa
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