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Thysanura (silver fish and 3 pronged bristle tails)
The Dyctyoptera are an order in the phylum Uniramia or Hexapoda (depends which book you read), for more pages on this phylum click the menu below left.

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Uniramia
--Centipedes
--Hexapoda 1 (insects)
--Hexapoda 2 (insects)
--Hexapoda 3 (insects)
--Identification to order level
--Insect orders
----Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)
----Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
----Hemiptera (bugs, cicadas)
----Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps & saw flies)
------Bumblebees
----Coleoptera (beetles)
----Dictyoptera (mantids, cockroaches)
----Diptera (true flies)
----Neuroptera (lacewings, ant lions)
----Orthoptera (crickets, locusts)
----Thysanura (bristletails, silver fish)
----Strepsiptera (stylops)
----Thysanoptera (thrips)
----Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
----Trichoptera (caddis flies)
----Siphonaptera (fleas)
----Isoptera (termites)
----Phasmida (stick & leaf insects)
----Dermaptera (earwigs)
----Anoplura/siphunculata (sucking lice)
----Mallophaga (biting lice, bird lice)
----Psocoptera (book, bark, dust lice)
----Mecoptera (scorpion flies)
----Collembola (springtail)
----Embioptera (web spinners)
----Plecoptera (stone flies)
----Diplura (bristletails)
----Protura
----Zoraptera
Thysanura fast facts
Small, long, carrot-shaped bodies.
Covered with scales.
Compound eyes.
Long antennae.
Biting mouthparts.
Three terminal abdominal filaments.
Two cerci.
Found mostly in damp, dark places.
About 600 species in the world; 23 species in the British Isles.

Thysanura range in size from 0.5 to 2.0 cm. They have carrot-shaped bodies with 3 long segmented tail filaments. The filaments are bristled. They also have 2 cerci (singular: cercus) which can be mistaken for legs, see the image below. They run very fast and are difficult to catch. They undergo many moults - even as adults which is very unusual for an insect. They may live for as long as five years, and take around a year to reach maturity.

Silverfish require high humidity and usually live in buildings in colder climates. They feed on foods high in carbohydrates, and some may even be cannibalistic on occasion.

Thysanura, bristle tail, silver fish

Thysanura, silver fish, bristle tail

Lifecycle. The females can lay eggs throughout the year. A female can lay around 100 oval eggs in batches of as few as 2 - 3 in crevices and under objects. The eggs are smooth and white when first laid, but turn wrinkled and brown after a while. The eggs hatch in around 2 weeks and reach maturity in just 3 months, but will not hatch unless humidity is at least 50%. For the first few months, or until the third moult the silvery scales are absent. Silverfish are able to regrow legs etc. which have been lost as they moult throughout their lives. They can live for over 3 years.

Mating. The males must perform a dance for the female, then he deposits a spermatophore on the ground. Then attaches signal threads leading from it to guide the female to its whereabouts. Although some species are parthenogenic.

 

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VietnamPages Stonehaven, Scotland
The firebrat (see Thermobia domestica on the right) is a similar shape to the silverfish, but does not have the metallic scales, and is usually a little larger. It is found in very warm locations such as bakeries. The lifecycle is similar to the silverfish. It too will moult throughout its life, and in the UK this can be as long as two and a half years and over 60 moults. Non-metallic scales appear after the 4th moult. Thermobia domestica, firebrat, Thysanura
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